More Rationalisation of the LANL GPS Charged-Particle Dataset

Earlier posts in this series:

• Original data
• Stages 1 to 4
• Revised stages 1 to 5  
• Stages 6 to 10 
• Stages 11 to 15

We continue to rationalise the data by removing fields that are unused or provide no useful information, and marking invalid values.

Stage 16: remove records with invalid values of Rad_Re

The documentation for Rad_Re (for both the BDD instrument and the CXD instrument) is:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
4	Rad_Re	double	1	(radius of satellite)/Rearth

By definition, any value less than unity for this field must be an error (actually, any value less than about four is an error, but it turns out that are no records with values between one and four). We therefore remove records with invalid values for this field:

  for file in ns*
  do
    awk '$4 > 1 {print $0}' $file > ../gps-stage-16/$file
  done

At this point, the number of records in the dataset for each satellite is:

Satellite	Stage 16 Records
ns41	1,990,340
ns48	1,105,300
ns53	1,331,017
ns54	1,938,603
ns55	1,054,569
ns56	1,680,369
ns57	1,082,028
ns58	1,174,629
ns59	1,515,843
ns60	1,495,007
ns61	1,469,803
ns62	774,976
ns63	651,078
ns64	343,643
ns65	480,017
ns66	446,139
ns67	327,174
ns68	304,964
ns69	262,021
ns70	110,260
ns71	220,694
ns72	181,519
ns73	145,292

Stage 17: remove proton_flux_fit from the CXD data

The documentation for the CXD field proton_flux_fit is:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
97-127	proton_flux_fit	double	31	intended to be proton flux at 31 energies, not filled currently

As the documentation indicates that this field is not filled with useful data, we remove it:

  for file in ns[567]*
  do 
    awk \ '{$97=$98=$99=$100=$101=$102=$103=$104=$105=$106=$107=$108=$109=$110=$111=$112=$113=$114=$115=$116=$117=$118=$119=$120=$121=$122=$123=$124=$125=$126=$127=""; print $0}' \
  $file | tr -s " " | sed 's/ $//' > ../gps-stage-17/$file
  done

The data table for the CXD satellites (ns53 to ns73) now looks like this:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
1	decimal_day	double	1	GPS time, a number from 1 (1-Jan 00:00) to 366 (31-Dec 24:00) or 367 in leap years.
2	Geographic_Latitude	double	1	Latitude of satellite (deg)
3	Geographic_Longitude	double	1	Longitude of satellite (deg)
4	Rad_Re	double	1	(radius of satellite)/Rearth
5-15	rate_electron_measured	double	11	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 11 CXD electron channels
16-20	rate_proton_measured	double	5	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 5 CXD proton channels (P1-P5)
21	LEP_thresh	double	1	LEP threshold in E1 channels (0 means low, 1 means high)
22	collection_interval	int	1	dosimeter collection period (seconds)
23	year	int	1	year (e.g. 2015)
24	decimal_year	double	1	decimal year = year + (decimal_day-1.0)/(days in year)
25	SVN_number	int	1	SVN number of satellite
26	b_coord_radius	double	1	radius from earth's dipole axis (earth radii)
27	b_coord_height	double	1	height above the earth's dipole equatorial plane (earth radii)
28	magnetic_longitude	double	1	Magnetic longitude (degrees)
29	L_shell	double	1	L shell: McIlwain calculation according to model with T89 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
30	L_LGM_TS04IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, TS04 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
31	L_LGM_OP77IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, OP77 External Field, IGRF Internal Field (not currently filled)
32	L_LGM_T89CDIP	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, T89 External Field, Centered Dipole Internal Field
33	bfield_ratio	double	1	Bsatellite/Bequator
34	local_time	double	1	magnetic local time (0-24 hours)
35	utc_lgm	double	1	UTC (0-24 hours)
36	b_sattelite	double	1	B field at satellite (gauss)
37	b_equator	double	1	B field at equator (on this field line I think) (gauss)
38-48	electron_background	double	11	estimated background in electron channels E1-E11 (Hz)
49-53	proton_background	double	5	estimated background in proton channels P1-P5 (Hz)
54	proton_activity	int	1	=1 if there is significant proton activity
55	proton_temperature_fit	double	1	characteristic momentum -- R0 in the expression given above (MeV/c)
56	proton_density_fit	double	1	N0 parameter in fit to proton flux ((protons/(cm2 sec sr MeV))
57	electron_temperature_fit	double	1	electron temperature from a one Maxwellian fit (MeV)
58	electron_density_fit	double	1	electron number density from a one Maxwellian fit (cm-3)
59-69	model_counts_electron_fit_pf	double	11	E1-E11 rates due to proton background based on proton flux fit -- currently not filled (all -1's)
70-74	model_counts_proton_fit_pf	double	5	P1-P5 rate from proton fit (using proton_temperature_fit, proton_density_fit)
75-85	model_counts_electron_fit	double	11	E1-E11 rates from the 9-parameter electron flux model
86-90	model_counts_proton_fit	double	5	P1-P5 rates from electron background -- currently not filled (all -1's)
91-96	proton_integrated_flux_fit	double	6	integral of proton flux (based on fit) above 10, 15.85, 25.11, 30, 40, 79.43 MeV (proton kinetic energy)
97-126	integral_flux_instrument	double	30	(based on 9 parameter fit) integral of electron flux above integral_flux_energy[i] particles/(cm2 sec)
127-156	integral_flux_energy	double	30	energies for the integral of integral_flux_instrument (MeV)
157-171	electron_diff_flux_energy	double	15	energies for the fluxes in electron_diff_flux_energy (MeV)
172-186	electron_diff_flux	double	15	(based on 9 parameter fit) electron flux at energies electron_diff_flux[i] (particle/(cm2 sr MeV sec))
187-195	Efitpars	double	9	fit parameters for 9 parameter electron fit

Stage 18: remove model_counts_proton_fit from the CXD data

The documentation for the CXD field model_counts_proton_fit is:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
86-90	model_counts_proton_fit	double	5	P1-P5 rates from electron background -- currently not filled (all -1's)

As the documentation indicates that this field is not filled with useful data, we remove it:

  for file in ns[567]*
  do 
    awk '{$86=$87=$88=$89=$90=""; print $0}' $file \
  | tr -s " " | sed 's/ $//' > ../gps-stage-18/$file
  done

The data table for the CXD satellites (ns53 to ns73) now looks like this:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
1	decimal_day	double	1	GPS time, a number from 1 (1-Jan 00:00) to 366 (31-Dec 24:00) or 367 in leap years.
2	Geographic_Latitude	double	1	Latitude of satellite (deg)
3	Geographic_Longitude	double	1	Longitude of satellite (deg)
4	Rad_Re	double	1	(radius of satellite)/Rearth
5-15	rate_electron_measured	double	11	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 11 CXD electron channels
16-20	rate_proton_measured	double	5	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 5 CXD proton channels (P1-P5)
21	LEP_thresh	double	1	LEP threshold in E1 channels (0 means low, 1 means high)
22	collection_interval	int	1	dosimeter collection period (seconds)
23	year	int	1	year (e.g. 2015)
24	decimal_year	double	1	decimal year = year + (decimal_day-1.0)/(days in year)
25	SVN_number	int	1	SVN number of satellite
26	b_coord_radius	double	1	radius from earth's dipole axis (earth radii)
27	b_coord_height	double	1	height above the earth's dipole equatorial plane (earth radii)
28	magnetic_longitude	double	1	Magnetic longitude (degrees)
29	L_shell	double	1	L shell: McIlwain calculation according to model with T89 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
30	L_LGM_TS04IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, TS04 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
31	L_LGM_OP77IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, OP77 External Field, IGRF Internal Field (not currently filled)
32	L_LGM_T89CDIP	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, T89 External Field, Centered Dipole Internal Field
33	bfield_ratio	double	1	Bsatellite/Bequator
34	local_time	double	1	magnetic local time (0-24 hours)
35	utc_lgm	double	1	UTC (0-24 hours)
36	b_sattelite	double	1	B field at satellite (gauss)
37	b_equator	double	1	B field at equator (on this field line I think) (gauss)
38-48	electron_background	double	11	estimated background in electron channels E1-E11 (Hz)
49-53	proton_background	double	5	estimated background in proton channels P1-P5 (Hz)
54	proton_activity	int	1	=1 if there is significant proton activity
55	proton_temperature_fit	double	1	characteristic momentum -- R0 in the expression given above (MeV/c)
56	proton_density_fit	double	1	N0 parameter in fit to proton flux ((protons/(cm2 sec sr MeV))
57	electron_temperature_fit	double	1	electron temperature from a one Maxwellian fit (MeV)
58	electron_density_fit	double	1	electron number density from a one Maxwellian fit (cm-3)
59-69	model_counts_electron_fit_pf	double	11	E1-E11 rates due to proton background based on proton flux fit -- currently not filled (all -1's)
70-74	model_counts_proton_fit_pf	double	5	P1-P5 rate from proton fit (using proton_temperature_fit, proton_density_fit)
75-85	model_counts_electron_fit	double	11	E1-E11 rates from the 9-parameter electron flux model
86-91	proton_integrated_flux_fit	double	6	integral of proton flux (based on fit) above 10, 15.85, 25.11, 30, 40, 79.43 MeV (proton kinetic energy)
92-121	integral_flux_instrument	double	30	(based on 9 parameter fit) integral of electron flux above integral_flux_energy[i] particles/(cm2 sec)
122-151	integral_flux_energy	double	30	energies for the integral of integral_flux_instrument (MeV)
152-166	electron_diff_flux_energy	double	15	energies for the fluxes in electron_diff_flux_energy (MeV)
167-181	electron_diff_flux	double	15	(based on 9 parameter fit) electron flux at energies electron_diff_flux[i] (particle/(cm2 sr MeV sec))
182-190	Efitpars	double	9	fit parameters for 9 parameter electron fit

Stage 19: remove model_counts_electron_fit_pf from the CXD data

The documentation for the CXD field model_counts_electron_fit_pf is:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
59-69	model_counts_electron_fit_pf	double	11	E1-E11 rates due to proton background based on proton flux fit -- currently not filled (all -1's)

As the documentation indicates that this field is not filled with useful data, we remove it:

  for file in ns[567]*
  do 
    awk '{$59=$60=$61=$62=$63=$64=$65=$66=$67=$68=$69=""; print $0}' \
$file | tr -s " " | sed 's/ $//' > ../gps-stage-19/$file
  done

The data table for the CXD satellites (ns53 to ns73) now looks like this:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
1	decimal_day	double	1	GPS time, a number from 1 (1-Jan 00:00) to 366 (31-Dec 24:00) or 367 in leap years.
2	Geographic_Latitude	double	1	Latitude of satellite (deg)
3	Geographic_Longitude	double	1	Longitude of satellite (deg)
4	Rad_Re	double	1	(radius of satellite)/Rearth
5-15	rate_electron_measured	double	11	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 11 CXD electron channels
16-20	rate_proton_measured	double	5	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 5 CXD proton channels (P1-P5)
21	LEP_thresh	double	1	LEP threshold in E1 channels (0 means low, 1 means high)
22	collection_interval	int	1	dosimeter collection period (seconds)
23	year	int	1	year (e.g. 2015)
24	decimal_year	double	1	decimal year = year + (decimal_day-1.0)/(days in year)
25	SVN_number	int	1	SVN number of satellite
26	b_coord_radius	double	1	radius from earth's dipole axis (earth radii)
27	b_coord_height	double	1	height above the earth's dipole equatorial plane (earth radii)
28	magnetic_longitude	double	1	Magnetic longitude (degrees)
29	L_shell	double	1	L shell: McIlwain calculation according to model with T89 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
30	L_LGM_TS04IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, TS04 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
31	L_LGM_OP77IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, OP77 External Field, IGRF Internal Field (not currently filled)
32	L_LGM_T89CDIP	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, T89 External Field, Centered Dipole Internal Field
33	bfield_ratio	double	1	Bsatellite/Bequator
34	local_time	double	1	magnetic local time (0-24 hours)
35	utc_lgm	double	1	UTC (0-24 hours)
36	b_sattelite	double	1	B field at satellite (gauss)
37	b_equator	double	1	B field at equator (on this field line I think) (gauss)
38-48	electron_background	double	11	estimated background in electron channels E1-E11 (Hz)
49-53	proton_background	double	5	estimated background in proton channels P1-P5 (Hz)
54	proton_activity	int	1	=1 if there is significant proton activity
55	proton_temperature_fit	double	1	characteristic momentum -- R0 in the expression given above (MeV/c)
56	proton_density_fit	double	1	N0 parameter in fit to proton flux ((protons/(cm2 sec sr MeV))
57	electron_temperature_fit	double	1	electron temperature from a one Maxwellian fit (MeV)
58	electron_density_fit	double	1	electron number density from a one Maxwellian fit (cm-3)
59-63	model_counts_proton_fit_pf	double	5	P1-P5 rate from proton fit (using proton_temperature_fit, proton_density_fit)
64-74	model_counts_electron_fit	double	11	E1-E11 rates from the 9-parameter electron flux model
75-80	proton_integrated_flux_fit	double	6	integral of proton flux (based on fit) above 10, 15.85, 25.11, 30, 40, 79.43 MeV (proton kinetic energy)
81-110	integral_flux_instrument	double	30	(based on 9 parameter fit) integral of electron flux above integral_flux_energy[i] particles/(cm2 sec)
111-140	integral_flux_energy	double	30	energies for the integral of integral_flux_instrument (MeV)
141-155	electron_diff_flux_energy	double	15	energies for the fluxes in electron_diff_flux_energy (MeV)
156-170	electron_diff_flux	double	15	(based on 9 parameter fit) electron flux at energies electron_diff_flux[i] (particle/(cm2 sr MeV sec))
171-179	Efitpars	double	9	fit parameters for 9 parameter electron fit

Stage 20: mark invalid values of L_shell for the BDD experiment

I have been informed in a private communication that, for ns41 and ns48, all calculated values of L_shell greater than 25 should be set to 25, and this value is to be interpreted as "too large to calculate".  Therefore, for these two satellites, we set all values of L_shell that currently have the value 25 or greater, to "NA".

  for file in ns4*
  do 
    awk '$28 >= 25 {$28="NA"}; {print $0}' $file > ../gps-stage-20/$file
  done

Time to checkpoint the data again. The checkpointed data file has the MD5 checksum 830dfdcc200fd4b2c0ba41be9e6edf0e.

The data table for ns41 and ns48 now looks like this:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	Description
1	decimal_day	double	1	GPS time -- a number from 1 (1-Jan 00:00) to 366 (31-Dec 24:00) or 367 in leap years
2	Geographic_Latitude	double	1	Latitude of satellite (deg)
3	Geographic_Longitude	double	1	Longitude of satellite (deg)
4	Rad_Re	double	1	(radius of satellite)/Rearth
5-12	rate_electron_measured	double	8	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 8 BDD electron channels (E1-E8)
13-20	rate_proton_measured	double	8	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 8 BDD proton channels (P1-P8)
21	collection_interval	int	1	dosimeter collection period (seconds)
22	year	int	1	year (e.g. 2015)
23	decimal_year	double	1	decimal year = year + (decimal_day-1.0)/(days in year)
24	svn_number	int	1	SVN number of satellite
25	b_coord_radius	double	1	radius from earth's dipole axis (earth radii)
26	b_coord_height	double	1	height above the earth's dipole equatorial plane (earth radii)
27	magnetic_longitude	double	1	Magnetic longitude (degrees)
28	L_shell	double	1	L_shell (earth radii) -- I do not clearly understand the origin of the calculation, but it seems to be a dipole field/T-89
29	bfield_ratio	double	1	Bsatellite/Bequator
30	local_time	double	1	magnetic local time (0-24 hours)
31	b_sattelite	double	1	B field at satellite (gauss)
32	b_equator	double	1	B field at equator (on this field line I think) (gauss)
33-40	electron_background	double	8	estimated background in electron channels E1-E8 (Hz)
41-48	proton_background	double	8	estimated background in proton channels P1-P8 (Hz)
49	proton_activity	int	1	=1 if there is significant proton activity
50	electron_temperature	double	1	electron temperature from a one Maxwellian fit (MeV)
51	electron_density_fit	double	1	electron number density from a one Maxwellian fit (cm-3)
52-59	model_counts_electron_fit	double	8	E1-E8 rates from the 2-parameter Maxwellian fit to the electron data
60-67	dtc_counts_electron	double	8	Dead time corrected electron rates (from data, not fit)
68-97	integral_flux_instrument	double	30	(based on 2 parameter Maxwellian fit) integral of electron flux above integral_flux_energy[i] particles/(cm2sec)
98-127	integral_flux_energy	double	30	energies for the integral of integral_flux_instrument (MeV)
128-142	electron_diff_flux_energy	double	15	energies for the fluxes in electron_diff_flux_energy (MeV)
143-157	electron_diff_flux	double	15	(based on 2 parameter Maxwellian fit) electron flux at energies electron_diff_flux[i] (particle/(cm2 sr MeV sec))

And for the remaining satellites:

Column	Variable name	type	Dim.	description
1	decimal_day	double	1	GPS time, a number from 1 (1-Jan 00:00) to 366 (31-Dec 24:00) or 367 in leap years.
2	Geographic_Latitude	double	1	Latitude of satellite (deg)
3	Geographic_Longitude	double	1	Longitude of satellite (deg)
4	Rad_Re	double	1	(radius of satellite)/Rearth
5-15	rate_electron_measured	double	11	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 11 CXD electron channels
16-20	rate_proton_measured	double	5	Measured rate (Hz) in each of the 5 CXD proton channels (P1-P5)
21	LEP_thresh	double	1	LEP threshold in E1 channels (0 means low, 1 means high)
22	collection_interval	int	1	dosimeter collection period (seconds)
23	year	int	1	year (e.g. 2015)
24	decimal_year	double	1	decimal year = year + (decimal_day-1.0)/(days in year)
25	SVN_number	int	1	SVN number of satellite
26	b_coord_radius	double	1	radius from earth's dipole axis (earth radii)
27	b_coord_height	double	1	height above the earth's dipole equatorial plane (earth radii)
28	magnetic_longitude	double	1	Magnetic longitude (degrees)
29	L_shell	double	1	L shell: McIlwain calculation according to model with T89 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
30	L_LGM_TS04IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, TS04 External Field, IGRF Internal Field.
31	L_LGM_OP77IGRF	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, OP77 External Field, IGRF Internal Field (not currently filled)
32	L_LGM_T89CDIP	double	1	LanlGeoMag L-shell McIlwain calculation, T89 External Field, Centered Dipole Internal Field
33	bfield_ratio	double	1	Bsatellite/Bequator
34	local_time	double	1	magnetic local time (0-24 hours)
35	utc_lgm	double	1	UTC (0-24 hours)
36	b_sattelite	double	1	B field at satellite (gauss)
37	b_equator	double	1	B field at equator (on this field line I think) (gauss)
38-48	electron_background	double	11	estimated background in electron channels E1-E11 (Hz)
49-53	proton_background	double	5	estimated background in proton channels P1-P5 (Hz)
54	proton_activity	int	1	=1 if there is significant proton activity
55	proton_temperature_fit	double	1	characteristic momentum -- R0 in the expression given above (MeV/c)
56	proton_density_fit	double	1	N0 parameter in fit to proton flux ((protons/(cm2 sec sr MeV))
57	electron_temperature_fit	double	1	electron temperature from a one Maxwellian fit (MeV)
58	electron_density_fit	double	1	electron number density from a one Maxwellian fit (cm-3)
59-63	model_counts_proton_fit_pf	double	5	P1-P5 rate from proton fit (using proton_temperature_fit, proton_density_fit)
64-74	model_counts_electron_fit	double	11	E1-E11 rates from the 9-parameter electron flux model
75-80	proton_integrated_flux_fit	double	6	integral of proton flux (based on fit) above 10, 15.85, 25.11, 30, 40, 79.43 MeV (proton kinetic energy)
81-110	integral_flux_instrument	double	30	(based on 9 parameter fit) integral of electron flux above integral_flux_energy[i] particles/(cm2 sec)
111-140	integral_flux_energy	double	30	energies for the integral of integral_flux_instrument (MeV)
141-155	electron_diff_flux_energy	double	15	energies for the fluxes in electron_diff_flux_energy (MeV)
156-170	electron_diff_flux	double	15	(based on 9 parameter fit) electron flux at energies electron_diff_flux[i] (particle/(cm2 sr MeV sec))
171-179	Efitpars	double	9	fit parameters for 9 parameter electron fit

CQ WW Trends, 2005 to 2016

The availability of the CQ WW public logs covering the period 2005 to 2016 allows us to look at various trends over that period, in addition to the trends in hourly QSO rates already documented..

We start with the simplest graph, the raw number of entries:

It will be interesting to see next year whether the 2016 points are an aberration (although I caution against reading much into the mere number of logs submitted; still, the reversal between CW and SSB in 2016 is worth at least a mention).

Breaking it down between unassisted and assisted, we see:

Last year I wondered whether the assisted numbers would exceed the unassisted numbers in 2016; they didn't, but it's getting very close (on CW). This, I expect, is a reflection of the utility of the RBN, which can make the assisted category far more attractive, especially for the mass of relatively casual operators whose QSOs come solely from point-and-click QSOs.

We can examine the geographical distribution of entrants over time, first on CW:

Very little change there.

And on SSB:

Nothing much there either, except that the recent small increased percentages from zones 28 and 11appear to be maintained.

We can look at the numbers of QSOs in the logs:

The long-term downward trend in the numbers of QSOs in the assisted logs continues, as does the difference of roughly one hundred QSOs between CW and SSB logs (in favour of CW).

Let's look at how the number of calls in CQ WW logs, which is a reasonable metric for the basic popularity of the contest, has changed over the years.

On CW:

On SSB:

Both modes show that 2016 is more or less identical to 2005, with no obvious underlying growth over the past solar cycle.

It's also of some interest to plot the year-by-year number of distinct QSOs made on each band. By "distinct" I mean that a QSO both sides of which are logged by entrants counts just once.

For CW:

As usual, 40m and 20m support roughly the same number of QSOs, with all bands except 10m and 15m more or less unaffected by the solar cycle.

For SSB:

In 2016, the situation on SSB reverted to its low-sunspot-number configuration.

Over the course of the last cycle, the total number of QSOs in CQ WW CW has increased slightly (but one could hardly conclude that contesting is experiencing any kind of surge in popularity), and on SSB that has been no perceptible overall change in the number of logged QSOs since the last minimum.

And finally, what I think are the most interesting graphs of all, which show a sea change in contesting, at least in CQ WW. They also show a tremendous difference between CW and SSB contesting for the CQ WW contests. (The SSB graphs were presented earlier in the year, but I include them here so that they can be compared easily to the CW graphs.)

Call Busts and Reverse Busts in CQ WW, 2005 to 2014

These tables show the stations with the most busts and reverse busts in CQ WW (both CW and SSB) over the period from 2005 to 2014. These tables are based on the augmented versions of the CQ WW public logs.

2005 to 2014 SSB -- Most Busts
Position	Call	QSOs	Busts	% Busts
1	OT5A	96,307	1,257	1.3
2	LZ9W	98,852	1,012	1.0
3	PJ2T	113,858	1,008	0.9
4	LY7A	79,383	908	1.1
5	HG1S	60,709	897	1.5
6	A73A	59,234	821	1.4
7	CN3A	97,786	811	0.8
8	JA7YRR	44,706	790	1.8
9	V26B	94,989	681	0.7
10	ZW5B	44,322	680	1.5

2005 to 2014 SSB -- Most Reverse Busts
Position	Call	QSOs	Reverse Busts	% Reverse Busts
1	OH5BM	12,334	1,979	16.0
2	DF0HQ	105,347	1,940	1.8
3	JA3YBK	60,630	1,200	2.0
4	WE3C	55,590	1,017	1.8
5	S52ZW	47,810	988	2.1
6	K3LR	107,460	953	0.9
7	GM2T	48,518	937	1.9
8	HG1S	60,709	887	1.5
9	HB0/HB9AON	45,504	713	1.6
10	JA5FDJ	32,761	710	2.2

2005 to 2014 SSB -- Highest Percentage of Busts (≥500 QSOs)
Position	Call	QSOs	% Busts
1	PV8ADI	682	11.9
2	K2JMY	1,464	11.7
3	OH1FJ	523	10.9
4	EA1BGV	617	9.7
5	YO7LYM	644	9.0
6	K8TS	855	8.7
7	HA6VA	501	8.6
8	W0PPF	574	8.4
9	SQ6POM	572	7.9
10	PU2TRX	839	7.7

2005 to 2014 SSB -- Highest Percentage of Reverse Busts (≥500 QSOs)
Position	Call	QSOs	% Reverse Busts
1	ON46CQ	566	81.8
2	TA2YA	508	26.8
3	CW90A	1,815	23.4
4	TA2IK	558	16.8
5	OH5BM	12,334	16.0
6	KH6SP/W5	532	13.0
7	BA8AG	1,011	12.2
8	YB6DE	547	10.2
9	HE70FG	1,597	9.1
10	S580A	1,087	8.6

In tables of reverse busts, one sometimes finds what seems like an unreasonable number of reverse busts (as, in this table, for ON46CQ). This is generally caused by a discrepancy between the call actually sent by the listed station and the one recorded as being sent in at least some QSOs in the station's log.

2005 to 2014 CW -- Most Busts
Position	Call	QSOs	Busts	% Busts
1	PJ2T	119,899	1,120	0.9
2	HG1S	48,531	892	1.8
3	LZ9W	107,790	877	0.8
4	PV8ADI	7,307	798	10.9
5	LY7A	77,281	795	1.0
6	OZ5E	37,392	717	1.9
7	D4C	88,441	710	0.8
8	PJ4A	94,041	686	0.7
9	LX7I	80,477	685	0.9
10	PI4CC	37,652	670	1.8

2005 to 2014 CW -- Most Reverse Busts
Position	Call	QSOs	Reverse Busts	% Reverse Busts
1	DF0HQ	98,064	2,493	2.5
2	JS3CTQ	20,906	2,093	10.0
3	DR1A	88,958	1,692	1.9
4	IR4X	63,809	1,553	2.4
5	K3LR	93,561	1,269	1.4
6	W0AIH	37,400	1,257	3.4
7	V26K	61,068	1,174	1.9
8	W2FU	66,345	1,159	1.7
9	EE2W	27,427	1,027	3.7
10	4O3A	56,331	980	1.7

2005 to 2014 CW -- Highest Percentage of Busts (≥500 QSOs)
Position	Call	QSOs	% Busts
1	YO7LYM	962	18.9
2	EA2GC	507	18.1
3	AD4TR	738	17.2
4	EA2NA	906	16.0
5	AE3D	698	15.8
6	WF5W	762	15.7
7	OH2MO	554	15.5
8	JA3AHY	597	15.4
9	BD3MV	1,029	15.1
10	EA3AJP	542	14.4

2005 to 2014 CW -- Highest Percentage of Reverse Busts (≥500 QSOs)
Position	Call	QSOs	% Reverse Busts
1	G3RWF	1,103	85.4
2	HA8FW	1,256	71.7
3	RZ3VO	2,025	44.2
4	BG0AAI	586	33.6
5	OG55W	1,005	31.9
6	HA505BA	660	20.8
7	5K0A	2,882	20.6
8	YO7HHI	1,104	18.0
9	SB0A	1,215	14.1
10	YP0HQ	2,223	11.2